Removing sulfur from jet fuel cools climate

Public release date: 14-Dec-2011
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Contact: David DeFusco
david.defusco@yale.edu
203-436-4842
Yale University

A Yale study examining the impact of aviation on climate change found that removing sulfur from jet fuel cools the atmosphere. The study was published in the October 22 issue of Geophysical Research Letters.

"Aviation is really important to the global economy. We better understand what it's doing to climate because it's the fastest growing fossil fuel-burning sector and there is no alternative to air travel in many circumstances. Emissions are projected to increase substantially in the next two decadesby a factor of twowhereas projections for other sectors are expected to decrease," said Nadine Unger, the study's author and assistant professor of climate science at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies.

Particles of sulfate, formed by burning sulfur-laden jet fuel, act like tiny mirrors that scatter solar radiation back into space. When sulfur is removed from the fuel, warming occurs but it's offset by the cooling effect of nitrate that forms from nitrogen oxides in jet exhaust. The result is that desulfurization of jet fuel has a small, net cooling effect.

In 2006 the United States introduced an ultralow sulfur standard for highway diesel, and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is interested in desulfurized jet fuel for its potential to improve air quality around airports. Aircraft exhaust particles lodge in the lungs and cause respiratory and cardiovascular illness. In 2006 there were more than 31 million flights across the globe, according to an FAA emissions inventory.

"It's a win-win situation, because the sulfate can be taken out of the fuel to improve air quality around airports and, at the same time, it's not going to have a detrimental impact on global warming," she said.

Unger used a global-scale model that assessed the impact of reducing the amount of sulfur in jet fuel from 600 milligrams per kilogram of fuel to 15 milligrams per kilogram, which is the level targeted by the U.S. Department of Transportation.

The study also simulated the full impacts of aviation emissions, such as ozone, methane, carbon dioxide, sulfate and contrailsthose ribbons of clouds that appear in the wake of a jetwhereas previous studies examined each chemical effect only in isolation.

"In this study we tried to put everything together so that we account for interactions between those different chemical effects," said Unger. "We find that only a third of the climate impact from aviation can be attributed to carbon dioxide."

Unger also ran a simulation of aviation emissions at the Earth's surface and found that the climate impact is four times greater because the emissions occur at altitude in the upper atmosphere.

"The chemical production of ozone is greater in the upper troposphere and its radiative efficiency is greater," she said. "It's a stronger greenhouse gas when it's higher up in the troposphere, which is exactly where aviation is making it."

###

The paper, "Global Climate Impact of Civil Aviation for Standard and Desulferized Jet Fuel," can be found at http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/gl1120/2011GL049289/.

---

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Public release date: 14-Dec-2011
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: David DeFusco
david.defusco@yale.edu
203-436-4842
Yale University

A Yale study examining the impact of aviation on climate change found that removing sulfur from jet fuel cools the atmosphere. The study was published in the October 22 issue of Geophysical Research Letters.

"Aviation is really important to the global economy. We better understand what it's doing to climate because it's the fastest growing fossil fuel-burning sector and there is no alternative to air travel in many circumstances. Emissions are projected to increase substantially in the next two decadesby a factor of twowhereas projections for other sectors are expected to decrease," said Nadine Unger, the study's author and assistant professor of climate science at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies.

Particles of sulfate, formed by burning sulfur-laden jet fuel, act like tiny mirrors that scatter solar radiation back into space. When sulfur is removed from the fuel, warming occurs but it's offset by the cooling effect of nitrate that forms from nitrogen oxides in jet exhaust. The result is that desulfurization of jet fuel has a small, net cooling effect.

In 2006 the United States introduced an ultralow sulfur standard for highway diesel, and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is interested in desulfurized jet fuel for its potential to improve air quality around airports. Aircraft exhaust particles lodge in the lungs and cause respiratory and cardiovascular illness. In 2006 there were more than 31 million flights across the globe, according to an FAA emissions inventory.

"It's a win-win situation, because the sulfate can be taken out of the fuel to improve air quality around airports and, at the same time, it's not going to have a detrimental impact on global warming," she said.

Unger used a global-scale model that assessed the impact of reducing the amount of sulfur in jet fuel from 600 milligrams per kilogram of fuel to 15 milligrams per kilogram, which is the level targeted by the U.S. Department of Transportation.

The study also simulated the full impacts of aviation emissions, such as ozone, methane, carbon dioxide, sulfate and contrailsthose ribbons of clouds that appear in the wake of a jetwhereas previous studies examined each chemical effect only in isolation.

"In this study we tried to put everything together so that we account for interactions between those different chemical effects," said Unger. "We find that only a third of the climate impact from aviation can be attributed to carbon dioxide."

Unger also ran a simulation of aviation emissions at the Earth's surface and found that the climate impact is four times greater because the emissions occur at altitude in the upper atmosphere.

"The chemical production of ozone is greater in the upper troposphere and its radiative efficiency is greater," she said. "It's a stronger greenhouse gas when it's higher up in the troposphere, which is exactly where aviation is making it."

###

The paper, "Global Climate Impact of Civil Aviation for Standard and Desulferized Jet Fuel," can be found at http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/gl1120/2011GL049289/.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-12/yu-rsf121411.php

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Delve into the top ancient mysteries of the year

Peter Schmid / Lee Berger / Univ. of Wits.

The skeletal hand of an adult female Australopithecus sediba is nestled within a modern human hand. The analysis of the A. sediba bones led to what some experts called a "game-changing" view of evolution in 2011.

By Alan Boyle

Do archaeologists ever get tired of delving into ancient mysteries? One of my all-time favorite articles from The Onion is the one about the archaeologist who's fed up with "unearthing unspeakable ancient evils," but in real life,?you can't beat a good story about archaeology, paleontology?or paleoanthropology.

I'm?combining several?different scientific disciplines in?this end-of-year roundup of ancient mysteries. Archaeology has to do with studying?the peoples?of the past through an analysis?of the things they've left behind, ranging from the?bones of ?tzi the Iceman to?the pigeon nests built in a cave near Jerusalem. Paleontology is the branch of geology that focuses on the fossil record left behind by bygone organisms, including dinosaur dung.?And paleoanthropology focuses on our prehistoric ancestors and their relationships to other species.

It's been a busy year for archaeologists coping with the tumult that swept over Egypt and Libya ... for paleontologists debating where different species fit on the org chart for extinct organisms ... and for anthropologists analyzing how humans swapped DNA with heaven knows what other kinds of hominids. Here's a quick rundown, with?assists from the editors of Archaeology magazine and paleo-blogger?Brian Switek.

Archaeology
The top 10 discoveries of 2011, as rated by Archaeology, include revelations about these ancient mysteries:

I would add two late-breaking stories to the mix: one about the mysterious markings on the floor of an ancient complex in Jerusalem, and another about long-hidden 16-foot-wide pits in the ground near Stonehenge.

Paleontology
I asked Switek to help me sort through the year's top stories in paleontology, and he was kind enough to send this recap:

"Last year the big news was that paleontologists had restored the colors of two feathered dinosaurs. This year, there doesn't seem to be any major story that competes. But that's not to say that nothing significant happened in 2011. Here's a rundown of what I thought was interesting and important.

"Dinosaur growth: Over the past few years, paleontologists have been tussling over how many dinosaur species we have collected so far. The great Triceratops-Torosaurus debate of 2010 really brought this ongoing argument into focus, and there were several 2011 papers which continued the conversation. Early in the year paleontologist Andy Farke criticized the 'Torosaurus as Triceratops' hypothesis, and a reply to his reply has just appeared. Likewise, paleontologists suggested that the hadrosaur Anatotitan and the tyrannosaur Raptorex were really just growth stages of already-known dinosaurs (the latter being similar to Tarbosaurus, a juvenile of which was also described this year)." [Here's another take on the tussle over Triceratops.]

"Dinosaur senses: Two big papers - published at about the same time - probed dinosaur senses. One focused on smell, and the other vision. Studies like these represent our broadening understanding of dinosaur biology. It's not all about naming new species." [Learn more about the smell and night vision research]?

"Archaeopteryx: This year marked the 150th anniversary of when Archaeopteryx was discovered. The year has been full of ups and downs. Even though an 11th specimen of the feathered dinosaur was announced, a ballyhooed paper proposed that the creature was not an early bird but rather a non-avian dinosaur more distantly related to the first birds." [Here's more ballyhoo about the claim that Archaeopteryx wasn't a bird.]

"New species: New dinosaurs are named just about every week, but there were at least two that caught my eye. One was Brontomerus - a sauropod whose name translates to "thunder thighs" - and Teratophoneus, a short-snouted tyrannosaur. (I just realized that both were found in Utah, though, so perhaps I have a bias for my adoptive state!)" [Learn more about "Thunder Thighs"?as well as other?ancient wonders?in Utah.]?

"Other paleo: I usually don't cover the really big stories - I like to root around for tales no one is telling - but a few studies from this year got my attention."

? Plesiosaurs gave birth to live young
? Marsupial "wolf" hunted more like a cat
? Late-surviving predator was similar to those that swam the Cambrian
? Earliest saber-toothed herbivore found
? Ammonoids trapped parasites in pearls
? Cache of fossil feathers found in amber
? Woolly and Columbian mammoths may have interbred

Paleoanthropology
To round out this big?list, here are a few of the tales of human ancestors that caught my eye over the past year:

That's more than?30 tales of ancient mysteries to ponder. Which ones do you find most intriguing, or are there other tales we've missed? Feel free to weigh in with your comments below.

---

Alan Boyle is msnbc.com's science editor. Connect with the Cosmic Log community by "liking" the log's Facebook page, following @b0yle on Twitter and adding the Cosmic Log page to your Google+ presence. You can also check out "The Case for Pluto," my book about the controversial dwarf planet and the search for new worlds.

Source: http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/12/15/9478098-the-top-ancient-mysteries-of-2011

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Reyes, Marlins agree to $106M deal

FILE - In this Sept. 29, 2010, file photo, New York Mets shortstop Jose Reyes reacts after hitting a double during the first game of a baseball doubleheader against the Milwaukee Brewers at Citi Field in New York. A person familiar with the negotiations tells The Associated Press that Reyes and the Miami Marlins have agreed to a $106 million, six-year contract. The deal includes a club option for a seventh season that, if exercised, would make it worth $120 million. The person spoke Sunday Dec. 4, 2011 on condition of anonymity because the deal had not yet been announced. (AP Photo/Kathy Willens, File)

FILE - In this Sept. 29, 2010, file photo, New York Mets shortstop Jose Reyes reacts after hitting a double during the first game of a baseball doubleheader against the Milwaukee Brewers at Citi Field in New York. A person familiar with the negotiations tells The Associated Press that Reyes and the Miami Marlins have agreed to a $106 million, six-year contract. The deal includes a club option for a seventh season that, if exercised, would make it worth $120 million. The person spoke Sunday Dec. 4, 2011 on condition of anonymity because the deal had not yet been announced. (AP Photo/Kathy Willens, File)

DALLAS (AP) ? All-Star shortstop Jose Reyes and the Miami Marlins provided quite a warmup for the winter meetings.

A day before the annual swap session officially began, the NL batting champion and the Marlins reached agreement on a $106 million, six-year deal, a person familiar with the negotiations told The Associated Press on Sunday night.

The person spoke on condition of anonymity because the free-agent deal had not yet been announced.

The 28-year-old Reyes had spent his entire career with the New York Mets. But the Marlins courted him hard, even though they already had All-Star shortstop Hanley Ramirez. Reyes will join another key free-agent acquisition, All-Star closer Heath Bell, when the Marlins move into their new ballpark next year.

Reyes, Albert Pujols and Prince Fielder were the top free agents available going into the weekend, all with a chance of finding a landing spot for the future. Gil Hodges, Ron Santo and Minnie Minoso could lock up a legacy forever this week.

Baseball's four-day gathering starts in earnest Monday, and speculation about more moves was rampant.

Will the New York Yankees work out a swap for Cubs pitcher Matt Garza? Will some bullpen add A's All-Star closer Andrew Bailey? Will C.J. Wilson or Mark Buehrle strike riches?

A couple of trades have already been made since Pujols and the St. Louis Cardinals won the World Series. Huge swaps, not yet.

Going into the weekend, Mets general manager Sandy Alderson had a theory on why there had been a lack of movement.

"It may have something to do with the top free agents not having moved, Pujols and Fielder and Jose Reyes," Alderson said then. "It may just be the tension ? not the tension, but the dynamic between clubs and free agents. The free agents would like to think that a certain market exists. And the clubs, at this point, are holding out some hope that that market doesn't exist."

"But it can all change in three days in Dallas," he said.

As Alderson's team discovered, it can happen even faster than that.

Surely, there were other general managers itching to get busy. Six teams have hired new GMs, and Houston will become the seventh.

A big name who will be available, if any team wants to take the risk: Manny Ramirez.

Major League Baseball announced Sunday the All-Star slugger had applied to be reinstated from the voluntary retired list and his drug suspension had been cut from 100 games to 50. MLB and the players' union agreed to trim the penalty because he sat out most of last season, when he played a week for Tampa Bay. He turns 40 in May and has 555 career home runs.

Detroit manager Jim Leyland was among the early arrivals Sunday at the 1,606-room Anatole, a familiar baseball site. The hotel is hosting the meetings for the sixth time ? inside its walls in 2000, more than a half-billion dollars was spent in a hurry as Alex Rodriguez, Manny Ramirez and Mike Hampton each got nine-figure contracts.

Last year's meetings got off to a rousing start, too, when free-agent outfielder Jayson Werth and the Washington Nationals reached a $126 million, seven-year deal. The agreement came on a Sunday, a day before the official opening. In fact, workmen were still assembling the podium when the Nationals and agent Scott Boras walked into the press room to make the announcement.

Also in town early this year were former Atlanta Braves and Washington Nationals president Stan Kasten, and Chicago White Sox special assistant Dennis Gilbert, both part of groups lining up to bid for the Los Angeles Dodgers in U.S. Bankruptcy Court.

Kasten is aligned with former Los Angeles Lakers star Magic Johnson and investor Mark Walter in a group called Guggenheim Baseball Management. Gilbert, a former agent, is aligned with former talk show host Larry King and Jason Reese of Imperial Capital.

Earlier Sunday, representatives from MLB and the umpires' union met, and replay was a prominent subject. Baseball is still figuring out when and how to expand the system, with fair-or-foul calls and trapped balls likely to be reviewed next season. Also under discussion is how to pick umpires for extra wild-card playoff games that could occur as early as next year.

On Monday morning, history is at stake. The Hall of Fame's Veterans Committee will reveal whether it has elected any new members.

Hodges, Santo, Luis Tiant and Jim Kaat are on the 10-person Golden Era ballot covering 1947-72. The 16-member voting panel talked about the candidates Sunday and turned in the secret ballots. The announcement is set for 11 a.m. EST.

Minoso, Ken Boyer, Tony Oliva, Ron Santo, Charlie Finley and Buzzie Bavasi also are under consideration. It takes 75 percent for election, and those picked will be inducted into Cooperstown next July.

At next year's meetings in Nashville, Tenn., retired managers Tony La Russa, Joe Torre and Bobby Cox could gain election when the Expansion Era from 1973 on is considered.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2011-12-04-Winter%20Meetings/id-1eb7cb8c9d5d461b929925bc7876726a

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Breathtaking time-lapse video makes me question Copernicus

The earth revolves around the sun. It?s a true fact, and no conspiracy.

Even with such enlightenment, it?s nice to be reminded of why people once thought the opposite ? that the universe revolves around the earth ? to briefly knock us off our ivory tower of knowledge and be reminded of just how far we?ve come.

This feeling struck me as I watched??Finding Oregon,? a stunning time-lapse video from the Portland-based?Uncage the Soul video production company. The four-minute video highlights the sky, in night and day, from different viewpoints around the state. Intended to be a tourism promotional film, it really does much more. It?s breathtaking, literally, and hair-raising in an inspiring, not horrifying, way. And watching the stars careen through the sky gave me pause. Because a person born in a vacuum would conclude that the heavens, in fact, revolve around the earth after watching the video.

So sit back, full screen the video, turn up the volume and enjoy. And click through to the vimeo page to learn more about how the team put the video together.

If your heart doesn?t stop, I declare you inhuman.

Image: Screenshot from ?Finding Oregon?

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=4dccbc11371f763887b9477e11bbd7e3

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Trial set for former chair of the Republican Party of Florida Jim Greer

ORLANDO --?

A trial date is now set for the former chair of the Republican Party of Florida.

Prosecutors and lawyers for Jim Greer settled on July 30 for the beginning of what is expected to be a two week case.

Greer?was charged with steering nearly $200,000 in party money toward a fundraising firm he formed with an aide.

Greer has pleaded not guilty.

Source: http://cfnews13.com/article/news/2011/december/353202/Trial-set-for-former-chair-of-the-Republican-Party-of-Florida-Jim-Greer?cid=rss

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Samsung scores rare patent win versus Apple in Australia (Reuters)

SYDNEY (Reuters) ? Samsung Electronics Co is set to resume selling its Galaxy tablet computer in Australia as early as Friday, after the South Korean technology firm won a rare legal victory in a long-running global patent war with Apple Inc.

An Australian federal court unanimously decided to lift a preliminary injunction, imposed by a lower court, on sales of Samsung's Galaxy Tab 10.1 -- but granted Apple a stay on lifting the sales ban until Friday afternoon.

"It's hard to expect the ruling to have a major positive impact on Samsung's tablet business or legal cases in other countries as Apple could appeal ... and sales won't be restored anytime soon," said Song Myung-sub, an analyst at HI Investment & Securities in Seoul.

"Apple will continue to dominate the tablet market as Amazon appears to be the only viable threat at the moment and other vendors, including Samsung, continue to struggle."

Lawyers for Apple declined to comment after the ruling, but getting a delay in lifting the temporary sales ban could give time for an appeal to be launched.

The ruling is, however, a timely boost for Samsung ahead of the busy pre-Christmas shopping season. While the Australian market is not large, it is a key launch market for Apple products outside the United States.

"Samsung's Christmas elves will be rushing to prepare Galaxy Tab orders," said Tim Renowden, analyst at research firm Ovum. "The well-regarded Galaxy Tab series provides some of the leading alternatives to Apple's iPad."

Apple was granted an injunction against Samsung in October, temporarily barring Australian sales of the Galaxy 10.1 tab, which had been seen as the hottest competitor to Apple's iPad until Amazon.com Inc launched its Kindle Fire.

Amazon said this week it saw a surge in sales of its tablet devices on the crucial "Black Friday" shopping day after Thanksgiving.

Samsung is the world's top smartphone maker, but a distant second to Apple in tablets. The intensifying legal battle has undermined its efforts to close the gap.

Apple also filed a preliminary injunction request in Germany on Monday to ban sales of the Galaxy Tab 10.1N, a re-designed version of 10.1-inch Galaxy model, whose sales are already banned in that market.

"We believe the (Australian) ruling clearly affirms that Apple's legal claims lack merit," Samsung said in a statement, adding it would soon make an announcement on the market availability of the Galaxy Tab 10.1 in Australia.

Justice Lindsay Foster told the court he would grant a stay on orders until Friday midnight ET, noting Apple would have to go to the High Court if it wanted this extended.

BATTLE IN 10 COUNTRIES

Apple and Samsung have been locked in an acrimonious battle in 10 countries involving smartphones and tablets since April, with the Australian dispute centering on touch-screen technology used in Samsung's new tablet.

Apple successfully moved to block Samsung from selling its tablets in Germany and a case in the Netherlands has forced Samsung to modify some smartphone models.

The quarrel had triggered expectations that some of the pair's $5 billion-plus relationship may be up for grabs. Samsung counts Apple as its biggest customer and makes parts central to Apple's mobile devices.

The legal battle in Australia doesn't stop at tablet computers. Samsung has sought to block sales of Apple's latest iPhone 4S, which went on sale early last month, by filing preliminary sales injunction requests in four countries, including Australia.

An Australian court has agreed to hear that case in March and April, with sales allowed to continue as normal ahead of the hearing on alleged patent infringements.

Shares in Samsung, valued at around $140 billion, were flat in a Seoul market down 0.5 percent.

(Additional reporting by Miyoung Kim in Seoul; Editing by Lincoln Feast, Ed Davies and Ian Geoghegan)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/applecomputer/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111130/tc_nm/us_apple_samsung_australia

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RolePlayGateway?

OOC

Raleigh

Beep, beep, beep. With a grunt, Raleigh switched sides, eyes squinting open, looking at the beeping alam clock. It was 7:30 A.M. and she had to still finish packing and get ready to head to the airport. It was all worth it, going on spring break, taking a week off from school and leaving home to spend it with friends and relaxing in the most romantic places ever, Rome, but she was not a morning person. So getting up wasn't going to be easy. Groaning in defeat, she threw the silk blanket off herself and switched to a sitting person. Streaching, she stifled in a yawn and stood up, quickly making her bed and going downstairs to see what was for breakfast.

"Morning, sweetie." Her mother said, scooping a fried egg onto a plate with several pieces of bacon. "Hey, mom." Raleigh said, sitting at the table and rubbing her eyes. "Ready for the trip?" Her mother asked, setting the plate and a glass of juice in front of Raleigh. "I guess so." Raleigh said, thanking her mom for the food. "I still don't think it's a good idea..." Her mom said, voice getting heavy with emotion. Raleigh's younger sister, Clarie, died while on a school trip with her class, she was swimming and drowned. Since then, Raleigh's mother has been cautious with what her only remaining daughter did. It was just the two of them. Her father left when Raleigh was young and Clarie was only a toddler. "Mom, everything will be alright, there's not going to be much water where I'm going, nothing dangerous. It's Rome." Raleigh said, swallowing her egg and giving her mother a quick hug.

Smiling, Raleigh's mother nodded. "It's almost eight, you might want to start getting ready now." Grinning, Raleigh nodded and planted a kiss on her mother's cheek, dashing upstairs. She laid out her clothes she had already picked out and jumped in the shower. After getting cleaned, she put on her undergarments and finished packing what little stuff she had left. She then dressed in a lime green halter dress with her white flats. She left her hair down and combed through it, spraying scrunch spray. After examining herself, she grinned and packed her bags in the trunk of her car. "Mom, I'm heading to the airport now." Raleigh said, giving her mom a hug and kiss on the cheek. "Call you when we land." She said, waving at his mother's nervous and tearful face as she got into her car and drove to the airport.

Vincent

Vincent was up at six that morning. He was a morning person and he had to have time to go on his daily run around the park. After returning home, he grabbed a bowl and box of cereal and made himself a bowl. His mom was still in bed, and his dad was gone on a business trip; he was a traveling salesman. Vincent was also an only child, so he was the only one up and about in his home. After eating a bowl of Frosty Flakes, he washed the bowl and spoon and went upstairs to take a shower. A dim light came from his mother's room and he smiled as he heard her whispered voice talking to his father. After twenty-one years of marriage the two were still so in love, and Vincent longed for a love like that.

Shaking his head, he grabbed a towel from the closet in the bathroom and went to take his shower. He finished packing last night, so he had that out of the way. It was probably about seven now, so he had at least a hour to waster before getting his mom to take him to the airport. He had a motorcycle, but something was wrong with the engine, so when he came back from spring break from Rome he would have to work on it. Being a mechanic is his dream, and he plans on doing that after high school.

After his shower, he threw on a pair of faded jeans and a dark blue t-shirt, then slipped into his black hoodie. He never left home without his hoodie, it was a must-have for him. He smelled bacon cooking from the kitchen and grinning, he looked in the mirror and raked a hand through his shaggy hair, shaking his head until it fell perfectly the way he wanted. Walking to the kitchen, he snatched a piece of bacon from the plate sitting beside the stove and kissed the top of his mother's head, he was slightly taller then her, so he had the advantage to do so. "Hey, hun, want any eggs of anything?" She asked, piling the last batch of bacon on the plate.

"No, I ate cereal earlier. Thanks, though." He said, getting one more piece of bacon. "Oh, you leave for the trip today, right? What time?" She asked, making her a plate and some juice. "In thirty minutes we need to head to the airport." He said, getting a glass of milk and drinking it down, putting the glass in the sink. "Okay, I'll eat real quick then change, and we'll leave." Nodding, he went into his room and grabbed his bag, putting it in the backseat of the car. Shortly after, his mom came out and they got into the car, heading to the airport.

Source: http://feeds.feedburner.com/RolePlayGateway

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I Melt with You 2011

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Forum: Movies, TV, & Music
Posted By: FilmeDe
Post Time: 11-27-2011 at 08:54 AM

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/lern2play/~3/_x-j3MFlrFM/124926-i-melt-with-you-2011-a.html

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